Activating and Deactivating Groups In Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Quick summary on what we’ll talk about today, on activating and deactivating groups in electrophilic aromatic substitution: There’s a lot to this post, so here’s
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5 Factors That Affect Basicity of Amines
What are the most important factors that affect the basicity of amines? Previously, we’ve seen how to evaluate the basicity of amines by examining the pKa of
Read moreWhat To Expect In Organic Chemistry 2
A large part of organic chemistry 1 is devoted to laying the foundations: introducing structural concepts such as bonding, geometry, stereochemistry, conformations, resonance, and steric
Read moreThe Mesomeric Effect And Aromatic Amines
We’ve seen that several key factors influence the basicity of amines – charge, resonance, inductive effects, pi donor / pi acceptor behavior, hybridization and even
Read moreAre these molecules conjugated?
If Org 2 has an overall theme, it’s “resonance”. Today’s post has a very simple message. Atoms with lone pairs, π bonds, radicals, and carbocations can
Read moreConjugation and Resonance
On Conjugation And Resonance This is the first in a series of posts that will eventually cover conjugation, pi systems, molecular orbital theory, dienes, 1,2-
Read moreMolecular Orbitals of The Allyl Cation, Allyl Radical, and Allyl Anion
In the last post, we showed how to build a molecular orbital (MO) diagram for a typical C-C pi bond. We saw that: The number of molecular
Read moreAlcohols (3) – Acidity and Basicity
In the last post we said that one of the keys to the reactions of alcohols as we go forward is that the conjugate acid is
Read more3 Factors That Stabilize Free Radicals
In the last post we introduced free radicals – neutral, electron-deficient chemical species with a partially filled orbital – and learned that they are highly
Read moreRearrangement Reactions (1) – Hydride Shifts
For nucleophilic substitution, the pattern of bonds that form and break is pretty straightforward. You break C-(leaving group) and you form C-(nucleophile). A straight swap. But
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