Partial Charges Give Clues About Electron Flow
There’s a hidden layer of detail beneath chemical structures that students new to organic chemistry often miss. I’m talking about partial charges. Although each of
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How To Use Electronegativity To Determine Electron Density (and why NOT to trust formal charge)
Last time we talked about how electrons are the “currency” of chemistry and every reaction is a transaction of electrons between atoms. That means that
Read moreIntroduction to Resonance
Last time we talked about how to use electronegativity to find the electron densities in a molecule – and when to ignore formal charge. However
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